New observations on the polar spectrum of human leprosy 1. Clinical types, histopathology, immunology
نویسنده
چکیده
Leprosy is a chronic granulomatous infection of the skin and peripherial nerves, caused by Mycobacterium leprae. Leprosy clinical diagnosis should be considered whenever skin lesions and sensory loss occur. Recent immunologic research, classic bacteriological methods and histopathology, molecular bacteriology and the Ridley-Jopling (RJ) classifi cation which recognized clinical-types not as separate entities, but merely segments of a wide spectrum ranging from purely localized, hyperergic, tuberculoid (TT) pole, trough the borderline (B) types, to the generalized, anergic lepromatous (LL) pole. Reactive episodes continue to be a serious complication, but the availability of thalidomide and clofazimine to control erythema nodosum leprosum, has much improved the prognosis. This review summarises recent advances in understanding the clinical features and pathogenesis of the disease. RESUMEN La lepra es una infección granulomatosa crónica de la piel y los nervios periféricos, causada por Mycobacterium leprae. El diagnóstico clínico de la lepra debería ser considerado cuando se observe la presencia de lesiones cutáneas con trastornos de la sensibilidad. Con la investigación imunológica, los métodos clásicos de la bacteriología e histopatología, la micobacteriología molecular y la clasifi cación propuesta por Ridley-Jopling (RJ), se reconoció que formas clínicas diversas no son entidades separadas, sino partes de un espectro vasto que recorre desde el polo tuberculoide (TT) más localizado e hiperérgico a través de los tipos intermedios-dimorfos (BB), hasta el polo opuesto lepromatoide (LL) generalizado y enérgico. Los episodios “reaccionales” son todavía una complicación grave, pero con la disponibilidad terapéutica de la talidomida y la clofazimina para apagar el eritema nodoso leproso, se ha logrado mejorar el pronóstico. Esta revisión presenta los avances recientes de la clínica y la patogenia de la enfermedad. * Bacteriology Research Unit, Tropical Medicine Research Center. Correspondence: Teodoro Carrada Bravo MD Tropical Medicine Research Center Bacteriology Research Unit Calzada de los Rincones 694, Las Plazas 36620 Irapuato, Guanajuato, México E-mail: [email protected]
منابع مشابه
Ultracytochemical and light microscopic histochemical studies in murine leprosy.
It is an established fact, that human leprosy is characterized by its variation in the ability to mount and maintain cell-mediated immune (CMI) response against Mycobacterium leprae and thereby to control the infection. Tuberculoid leprosy patients exhibit strong CMI against M. leprae(1-3), they have few lesions in which few or no bacilli ace found. On the other hand, patients with lepromatous ...
متن کاملHistoid leprosy with Type 1 reaction
A sixty-one years old man presented with multiple nodules and plaques of different sizes, distributed on the face, trunk, buttocks and lower extremities. He had a history of prior treatment with dapsone monotherapy for Lepromatous leprosy (LL) thirty years ago. The patient was diagnosed with Histoid Borderline-Lepromatous Leprosy after clinical examination and the results of slit skin smears an...
متن کاملCERTAIN TYPES OF EDGE m-POLAR FUZZY GRAPHS
In this research paper, we present a novel frame work for handling $m$-polar information by combining the theory of $m-$polar fuzzy sets with graphs. We introduce certain types of edge regular $m-$polar fuzzy graphs and edge irregular $m-$polar fuzzy graphs. We describe some useful properties of edge regular, strongly edge irregular and strongly edge totally irregular $m-$polar fuzzy graphs. W...
متن کاملDe-Novo Presentation of Histoid Leprosy on an Unusual Site
Histoid Leprosy (HL) is a rare variant of Lepromatous Leprosy, occurring in long-standing cases, mostly in a background of acquired drug resistance. Patients usually present with sudden onset multiple nodules and plaques, most often involving the skin and subcutaneous tissue of trunk and lower limbs. Here we report an unusual case of de novo (without any history of prior anti-leprotic therapy) ...
متن کاملCASE REPORT Zoster-like segmental presentation of lepromatous leprosy
The Ridley-Jopling classification places leprosy patients into a spectrum with polar tuberculoid (TT) and lepromatous (LL) and middle types of borderline tuberculoid (BT), mid-borderline (BB) and borderline lepromatous (BL) leprosy. These have been categorised, for treatment purposes, into paucibacillary (PB) and multibacillary (MB) depending on lesion counts and the results of skin smear exami...
متن کامل